Contaminant destruction by MCD is underpinned by the principles of high energy ball milling which fall under the emerging scientific field of mechanochemistry. In the case of MCD, the ball-to-ball and ball-to-surface collision points are the major regions of fracture and chemical reaction initiation. The reactions induced at the fracture point include radical formation and electron transfer resulting in the destruction of chemical bonds. EDL exploits this chemical phenomena to destroy even the most persistent contaminants which pose a threat to human and environmental health.